It could be thought of as the operating system for cloud-native applications in the sense that it’s the platform that applications run on, just as desktop applications run on MacOS, Windows, or Linux. Conceptual model Building Blocks. It allows you to consume its functionality a-la-carte, or use your own solution in lieu of built-in functionality. Core concepts in Kubernetes include pods (a group of containers deployed together), services (a group of logical pods with a stable IP address) and deployments (a definition of the desired state for a pod or replica set, acted upon by a controller if the current state differs from the desired state), among others. Capacity planning is a critical step in successfully building and deploying a stable and cost-effective infrastructure. Technology for packaging an application along with its runtime dependencies. The master server : consists of various components including a kube-apiserver, an etcd, kube-controller-manager, kube-scheduler, and DNS server for Kubernetes services. Nodes run your application workloads. Kubernetes has a number of storage types, and these can be mixed and matched within a pod (see above illustration). That is, we deploy a unique instance of a CI/CD container that will monitor a code version control system, so whenever we push to that repository, the container will run pipeline steps. To solve that complexity and cost, Kubernetes supports Ingress, a high-level abstraction governing how external users access services running in a Kubernetes cluster using host- or URL-based HTTP routing rules. The master nodes are responsible to manage the Kubernetes cluster by storing information of nodes, planing containers deployments etc. For each pod, a PersistentVolumeClaim makes a storage consumption request within a namespace. Understand Pods, the smallest deployable compute object in Kubernetes, and the higher-level abstractions that help you to run them. Numerous Kubernetes solutions and products have emerged in the industry (from both startups and established traditional vendors) aimed to solve some of the challenges around Kubernetes. Estimated reading time: 2 minutes Concepts Architecture. Most commonly, a particular control loop (controller) uses one kind of resource as its desired state, and has a different kind of resource that it manages to make that desired state happen. To drive home the message about the reasons why you might choose to run Kubernetes on-premises, let’s now examine how Kubernetes can function not just as another tool running in your data center, but as a way to build an “operating system” for your entire on-premises infrastructure. In this lesson, we’ll review these key concepts. The design document explains how the Kubernetes Ingress Controller works inside a Kubernetes cluster and configures Kong to proxy traffic as per rules defined in the Ingress resources.. There are a few special kinds, like configMap and Secrets, used for injecting information stored within Kubernetes into the pod or emptyDir, commonly used as scratch space. This means containers can communicate over localhost. As a tenet of its design, Kubernetes uses lots of controllers that each manage a particular aspect of cluster state. report a problem As stated before (but is worth stating again), Kubernetes is an open source platform for deploying and managing containers. Services are the Kubernetes way of configuring a proxy to forward traffic to a set of pods. Pods are ephemeral, with a limited lifespan. They’re used in conjunction with PersistentVolumeClaims, which is how pods dynamically request new storage. Within a pod, containers can communicate without any restrictions. This logical construct packages up a single application, which can consist of multiple containers and storage volumes. When it comes to Kubernetes clusters, size matters. Kubernetes Security: Architecture & Best Practices, Kubernetes in the Enterprise – Chapter 7: What You Need to Know About Platform9 Managed Kubernetes, Kubernetes in the Enterprise: Top Use Cases, Kubernetes in the Enterprise – Chapter 5: Managed Kubernetes Solutions, Detailed overview of the chief architectural concepts. Cluster-level logging architectures are described in assumption that a logging backend is present inside or outside of your cluster. ... [Low 00:04:18] in his video on Kubernetes concepts and control loops. Read more: Kubernetes as an On-Premises “Operating System”. Policies you can configure that apply to groups of resources. Other service types do allow external access; the LoadBalancer type is the most common in cloud deployments. The control plane is the system that maintains a record of all Kubernetes objects. Twitter: @edXOnline. Please mention … Anytime a Pod with the same labels as a service is spun up, it’s assigned to the service. There are various controllers to drive state for nodes, replication (autoscaling), endpoints (services and pods), service accounts and tokens (namespaces). Introduction to Kubernetes. A container is the smallest unit in the Kubernetes world. This article will highlight areas that are important to consider, such as: how many DaemonSets are deployed, if a service mesh is involved, and if quotas are being actively used. The space has become crowded, and difficult for organizations to navigate and compare the various offerings. Kubernetes uses the concept of volumes. Kubernetes Architecture. Moving on, lets see ETCD. StorageClasses are not unlike labels; operators use them to describe different types of storage, so that storage can be dynamically be provisioned based on incoming claims from pods. In the early years of the project, it mostly ran stateless applications, but as the platform has gained popularity, more and more storage integrations have been developed to natively support stateful applications. An example of a DNS record for a Kubernetes service: Namespaces are virtual clusters within a physical cluster. Ingress enables configuration of resilience (time-outs, rate limiting), content-based routing, authentication and much more. On the next posts we’ll dive deeper into the Kubernetes deployments on different types of infrastructure, Kubernetes use cases, and best practices for operating Kubernetes in Production, at scale. It’s responsible for driving the container execution layer, typically Docker. Pods can communicate with each other using the pod IP address, which is reachable across the cluster. Kube-DNS and CoreDNS create, update and delete DNS records for services and associated pods, as shown in the above illustration. Kubernetes follows a client-server architecture, it’s possible to have a multi-master setup, by default there is a single master server which acts as a controlling all nodes. When you create an AKS cluster, a control plane is automatically created and configured. The Concepts section helps you learn about the parts of the Kubernetes system and the abstractions Kubernetes uses to represent your cluster, and helps you obtain a deeper understanding of how Kubernetes works. Most resources contain metadata, such as labels and annotations, desired state (specification) and observed state (current status). What is Kubernetes – key definitions and concepts. So you should definitely check that out if you want more information. Ways to provide both long-term and temporary storage to Pods in your cluster. Marcus covers: - Key Kubernetes architectures - … The previous concepts are infrastructure-focused and internal architecture. How that directory comes to be, the medium that backs it, and its contents are determined by the particular volume type used. Some of the concepts, such as nodes and masters, are implemented as a set of Kubernetes components. The Kubelet is the primary and most important controller in Kubernetes. Our additional articles below can help you learn more about Kubernetes best practices. Eviction is the process of proactively failing one or more Pods on resource-starved Nodes. Chief Strategist at Platform9 Systems. With many services, it can also become very complex. Kubernetes is an open source system that is used to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Kubernetes Persistent Volumes, Claims and Storage Classes. So does the number of namespaces, in a way. This article includes recommendations for networking, security, identity, management, and monitoring of the cluster based on an organization’s business requirements. This #Kubernetes tutorial is the first video of the Kubernetes Administration course at Duckademy. To better understand the architecture of Kubernetes, it’s important to first understand some of the underlying concepts behind that architecture. The API Server provides APIs to support lifecycle orchestration (scaling, updates, and so on) for different types of applications. Kubernetes Architecture and Concepts From a high level, a Kubernetes environment consists of a control plane (master), a distributed storage system for keeping the cluster state consistent (etcd), and a number of cluster nodes (Kubelets). Lower-level detail relevant to creating or administering a Kubernetes cluster. This lesson will walk through what each component does and how they work together. one of the main use cases of Kubernetes is to run Continuous Integration or Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) pipelines. Resources that Kubernetes provides for configuring Pods. If you’re ready to get started, you can deploy a free Kubernetes cluster on AWS or on-premises under five minutes: https://platform9.com/signup/. These dynamic assignments make releasing new versions or adding pods to a service really easy. With Kubernetes, it is possible to execute various workloads in a scalable, flexible, and reliable way. Architecture The design document explains how Kong Ingress Controller works inside a Kubernetes cluster and configures Kong to proxy traffic as per rules defined in the Ingress resources. They are key/value pairs that describe attributes, and can be used to organize and select subsets of objects. Concepts The Concepts section helps you learn about the parts of the Kubernetes system and the abstractions Kubernetes uses to represent your cluster, and helps you obtain a deeper understanding of how Kubernetes works. Kubernetes provides no native storage solution for log data, but you can integrate many existing logging solutions into your Kubernetes cluster. In most cases, the Container Network Interface (CNI) uses a simple overlay network (like Flannel) to obscure the underlying network from the pod by using traffic encapsulation (like VXLAN); it can also use a fully-routed solution like Calico. Jenkins X builds upon the following core components: Kubernetes & Docker Labels allow for efficient queries and watches, and are ideal for use in user-oriented interfaces to map organization structures onto Kubernetes objects. Networking Kubernetes has a distinctive networking model for cluster-wide, podto-pod networking. It will spin up a load balancer per service on the cloud environment, which can be expensive. Pods are one of the crucial concepts in Kubernetes, as they are the key construct that developers interact with. Here is a visualization of the essential Kubernetes concepts I outline below from Luke’s slide: Container. They’re meant to give multiple teams, users, and projects a virtually separated environment to work on, and prevent teams from getting in each other’s way by limiting what Kubernetes objects teams can see and access. Be, the API server, and composition of application workloads the IP. When scaling back down or upgrading to a pod ( see above illustration,. Particular volume type used rules, too or use your own solution in lieu of functionality. And also use it as a service is spun up, it is eligible to them. Allows you to consume its functionality a-la-carte, or from external sources to services, going! 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